Highlights
Volume 35, Issue 1-2 (2025)
Issue 2 (February 2025)
Issue 1 (January 2025)
Volume 35, Issue 2 (February 2025)
Review Article
- This systematic review aimed to determine seasonal variations in dietary intake in Japanese adults.
- The reported seasonal variations were inconsistent across studies for most nutrients and food groups.
- Meta-analyses showed significant seasonal differences in mean intakes of vegetables, fruits, and potatoes in five out of six comparisons.
- Most of the differences in mean intakes between seasons were attributed to the heterogeneity of the included studies, not just seasonal variations.
- At-risk drinking prevalence in Italy: 26.4% pre-lockdown, 23.4% during, stabilized at 30.0% post-lockdown.
- Findings indicate unfavorable post-pandemic alcohol trends, emphasizing specific groups at increased risk.
- Economic status linked to at-risk consumption, with a significant downward trend.
- Higher rates of at-risk drinking were observed among younger individuals, women with higher economic status and married individuals.
- Higher vulnerability was observed among those with anxiety/depressive symptoms, psychotropic drug users, and tobacco consumers.
- To date, a simple assessment tool to evaluate early low nutrition risk in the general older population has not been available.
- In this study, we developed such an indicator consisting of 13 items with four factors through a rigorous scale development process.
- This indicator showed good internal reliability and criterion-related validity, indicating a potential to evaluate early low nutrition risk.
- We determined the influence of cumulative maternal physical activity during the pre-pregnancy to child-rearing period on children’s physical activity in early childhood in a Japanese population.
- We also compared the influence of maternal physical activity of each stage on children’s physical activity in early childhood.
- The level of cumulative maternal physical activity was positively associated with the level of children’s physical activity at 5.5 years of age.
- Maternal physical activity during pregnancy and at 5.5 years postpartum was positively associated with children’s physical activity at 5.5 years of age.
- Japan exhibits significantly lower mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than the United States, despite much higher smoking rates among Japanese men.
- We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis of COPD prevalence in Japan and compared the prevalence in the United States .
- COPD prevalence is consistently over 10% lower in Japan than in the United States across different age groups and sexes.
- Investigating the factors behind Japan's lower COPD burden could inform more effective prevention strategies globally.
- We performed an ecological study to clarify regional disparities in measles vaccination coverage and their associated factors in Japan.
- Data on measles vaccination coverage and potential associated factors for each municipality were obtained from official statistics of Japan.
- Among the municipalities, 54.3% had less than 95.0% measles vaccination coverage.
- Negative binomial regression showed that measles vaccination coverage was positively associated with population density.
- It also showed that measles vaccination coverage was negatively associated with single-father households, mother’s age, and area deprivation index.
Volume 35, Issue 1 (January 2025)
Special Article
- Identifying a sufficient set of confounders is crucial for estimating the causal effect of exposure on outcome.
- We summarize approaches to identifying a sufficient set of confounders from both epidemiological and statistical perspectives.
- We also describe some pitfalls and considerations in confounder selection.
- E-value and robustness value are introduced as approaches to assess the sensitivity to unmeasured confounders.
- Integrating these principles and approaches will enhance our understanding of confounder selection in future epidemiological studies.
- A comprehensive side-by-side comparison of different instrumental variable (IV) methods in binary outcome and continuous exposures with many IVs was performed.
- The findings indicated that the bias associated with these methods could not be fully addressed.
- The use of multiple IV methods (e.g., one method for primary analysis and another for sensitivity analysis) may be helpful.
- We employ disease-mediating mortality separating disease-specific mortality into disease (the mediator) and mortality (the outcome) to characterize the natural course of hepatitis C virus (HCV).
- We identified three liver diseases (eg, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer) and nine non-liver diseases (eg, septicemia, renal diseases, endocrine diseases, hypertension) that mediate HCV-induced mortality and provide the proportion of mediation to reflect their relative contributions.
- For developing countries with limited access to direct-acting antiviral agents, our study may guide health policies in screening for particular diseases (except liver diseases) to reduce the preventable deaths of the HCV-infected population.
- The association between income and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk varies across countries.
- The role of income dynamics in CRC risk is unknown in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who are at increased risk of colorectal cancer.
- Individuals with T2DM who had persistent low-income status over 5 years or experienced income declines had an elevated CRC risk.
- In contrast, constant high income over 5 years was associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer.
- This study investigated the association between the patterns of various metabolites and cognitive decline in Japanese community-dwelling older adults.
- Amino acids were protectively associated with cognitive decline, whereas ketone metabolites were associated with higher odds of cognitive decline.
- Metabolome monitoring can be useful for predicting and preventing future cognitive decline.
- We compared self-reported participation in cancer screenings and health checkups with municipality records.
- Self-reported participation in colorectal, stomach, breast, and cervical cancer screenings was moderately valid.
- Self-reported participation in lung cancer screening was underreported and participation in health checkup was overreported.
- Self-reported screening participation should be carefully interpreted to assess the performance of preventive measures.
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