Highlights
Volume 28, Issue 1-12 (2018)
Issue 12 (December 2018)
Issue 11 (November 2018)
Issue 10 (October 2018)
Issue 9 (September 2018)
Issue 8 (August 2018)
Issue 7 (July 2018)
Issue 6 (June 2018)
Issue 5 (May 2018)
Issue 4 (April 2018)
Issue 3 (March 2018)
Issue 3, Supplement (March 2018)
Issue 2 (February 2018)
Issue 1 (January 2018)
Volume 28, Issue 12 (December 2018)
- The EdAl program is a cost-effective to reduce OB prevalence in boys.
- This cost-effectiveness analysis includes OB-related outcomes.
- The cost of 5.21€/child/year reduces the obesity prevalence by 4.39%.
- The EdAl program can be sustainably implemented in a cost-effective manner.
- Weighted kappa coefficients between dietary record and FFQ are high.
- Correlations between two FFQs are moderate.
- The FFQ suits assessing associations between acrylamide and cancer as ordinal data.
- Considering cooking methods is important for better estimation of acrylamide.
- Dengue sero-epidemiological survey was conducted in Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam.
- Rural sero-prevalence was as high as that in urban area.
- Proximity to densely inhabited area was a risk factor of IgG and IgM positivity.
- Maternal pre-pregnancy weight was associated with offspring weight at puberty.
- This association was stronger than at birth and at age 3 years.
- Maternal lifestyle may influence offspring weight in adolescence.
Short Communication
A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Coffee Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Japanese Population: Application of a Cubic-Spline Model
A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Coffee Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Japanese Population: Application of a Cubic-Spline Model
- A new meta-analysis of coffee consumption and colorectal cancer in Japan is presented.
- A two-stage, random-effects, dose-response meta-analysis is performed.
- This analysis could reveal the risk in specific levels of coffee consumption.
Volume 28, Issue 11 (November 2018)
Special Article
Japanese Legacy Cohort Studies: The Hisayama Study
Japanese Legacy Cohort Studies: The Hisayama Study
- The Hisayama Study is a population-based prospective cohort study to evaluate the risk factors for lifestyle-related diseases in Japanese.
- The research topics of this study have been diversified to include cardiovascular diseases, dementia, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, etc.
- This Study has provided valuable evidence of secular change in the prevalence and incidence of several lifestyle-related disease and their risk factors.
- Research efforts in this cohort are ongoing and will provide additional data for the improvement of human health and longevity.
- Group activity improves health status in community-dwelling older people.
- It is unclear how diversity of group membership is associated with health status.
- A higher diversity of membership was associated with better self-rated health.
- Gender is the key dimension of diversity that is associated with better health.
- Educational attainment is one of the most important social determinants of health.
- A longitudinal study in Japan found three determinants of high school dropout.
- Determinants at the time of junior high school students were tardy arrival, daily smoking and severe problems such as abuse.
- These factors should be treated as warning signs of academic and behavioral problems.
Short Communication
Cumulative Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in a Working Population: The Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study
Cumulative Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in a Working Population: The Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study
- We estimated the cumulative risk of diabetes in the working population.
- One-third of men and one-fifth of women at age 30 will develop diabetes by age 65.
- Overweight and obesity substantially increased the risk of diabetes.
- We analyzed the GIS (geographical information system)-derived cancer patients’ travel time for hospital admission using combined dataset of the Patient Survey and the Survey of Medical Institutions in 2011.
- Patients with stomach or colorectal cancer tended to admit near hospitals, compared with those with cervical cancer or leukemia.
- The travel time tended to be longer for younger patients and patients living in the secondary healthcare service areas without designated cancer care hospitals.
Volume 28, Issue 10 (October 2018)
- We examined correlates of prolonged screen time (ST) among Japanese schoolchildren.
- Prolonged ST in children was associated with parental internet and rule setting.
- Mother’s unhealthy lifestyle also correlated with prolonged ST in children.
- Consumption of caffeinated beverages correlated with serum folate levels.
- Caffeine and/or tannin intake correlated negatively with serum folate levels.
- Pregnant women should not consume large quantities of caffeinated beverages including green and oolong teas.
- We evaluated the recent improvement in relative survival of breast cancer patients, using large population-based data which covered 13.4% of the total Japanese population.
- Five-and ten-year relative survival were improved by 2.8% and 2.4%, respectively, from 1993 to 2006.
- We found that the improvement in relative survival was larger among the age 35-69 than the age 15-34 or 70-99 and among regional disease than localized or distant metastatic diseases.
- We examined the validity and reproducibility of FFQ-based dietary NEAC.
- The validity and reproducibility of FFQ-based overall dietary NEAC were moderate.
- FFQ-based NEAC categorization compared to that of DR was not largely miscategorized.
- Studying disease association by categorizing dietary NEAC by FFQ would be useful.
Short Communication
Simultaneous Validation of Seven Physical Activity Questionnaires Used in Japanese Cohorts for Estimating Energy Expenditure: A Doubly Labeled Water Study
Simultaneous Validation of Seven Physical Activity Questionnaires Used in Japanese Cohorts for Estimating Energy Expenditure: A Doubly Labeled Water Study
- We validated seven physical activity questionnaires in Japan against the DLW method.
- All questionnaires had moderate to strong correlations in total energy expenditure.
- The validity of the questionnaires was not inferior to that by accelerometers.
Volume 28, Issue 9 (September 2018)
- Handgrip strength associates with cognition cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
- Hand dexterity associates with cognition cross-sectionally.
- The longitudinal association between hand dexterity and cognition is unknown.
- It is unclear which variable at baseline affects the other in the long-term.
- The interaction effects of grip strength, hand dexterity and cognition is unknown.
- Foodborne norovirus outbreak data with virological testing were reanalysed.
- The asymptomatic ratio was estimated at 32.1%.
- The asymptomatic ratio of GII.4 was estimated at 40.7%.
- Our finding endorses practical difficulty in controlling GII.4 outbreaks.
- A large cohort study in a Japanese population completed >18 years of follow-up.
- Higher dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins reduced all-cause mortality in women.
- These inverse associations were observed especially in female non-smokers.
- A 3-year study was carried out with 259 Japanese adults.
- Consumption of tomatoes is associated with change of handgrip strength.
- Consumption of tomatoes could protect against the decline of muscle strength.
Volume 28, Issue 8 (August 2018)
- Lower education was associated with poor oral health only among unmarried women.
- Husbands’ education was not associated with oral health among married women.
- Lower income was associated with poor oral health particularly among housewives.
- The evidence of long-term diabetes risk prediction model is scarce among East Asian.
- We developed a point system to predict 10-year risk of diabetes among Japanese men.
- The point system present study derived might be useful to identify those at high risk.
- The Genome Database of the Latvian Population is an open research platform.
- National biobank in small country is essential to epidemiological research.
- Biobank can significantly contribute to genetic testing and health care improvement.
- It is crucial for biobank to plan and foresee biosample demand in research.
- Financial support of biobank can be national funding, study or industrial research.
- We examined whether metabolically healthy obese phenotype related to proteinuria.
- Metabolically healthy obese phenotype did not increase the risk of proteinuria.
- Metabolically unhealthy phenotypes increased its risk regardless of obesity.
- The association between adiponectin and cancer/all-cause mortality were examined.
- The study was conducted in an elderly, community-dwelling cohort (n=697).
- We found positive but nonlinear association between cancer deaths and plasma APN.
- This nonlinear relationship implies a complex mechanism that warrants more study.
Volume 28, Issue 7 (July 2018)
- Older adults living alone are at risk of deteriorate mental health.
- Little longitudinal evidence on the impact of living arrangements on mental health.
- Few studies examining the modifying effect of social cohesion on this association.
- Living arrangements affected the risk of depressive symptoms among older adults.
- Gender and neighborhood social cohesion level affected the identified association.
- By using regional cancer registry data in Khon Kaen, Thailand, age standardized rates (ASRs) of female breast cancer incidence increased between 1995-2012.
- Women at age 50 or above had the largest increase in incidence of breast cancer.
- Increasing trends of breast cancer incidence in Khon Kaen are lower than those in other regions in Thailand, but it is expected to rise significantly by 2030.
- Lower birth weight is associated with increased chronic disease risk later in life.
- Physical activity in childhood may partly explain this association.
- We examined birth weight and physical activity in Japanese school-aged children.
- Girls with low birth weight were less likely to be physically active, but not boys.
Short Communication
Sleep Duration Modifies the Association of Overtime Work With Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study
Sleep Duration Modifies the Association of Overtime Work With Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study
- The effect of long work hours and sleep deprivation on diabetes risk is unknown.
- Overtime work was not materially associated with risk of diabetes.
- But overtime with insufficient sleep was associated with a higher diabetes risk.
Volume 28, Issue 6 (June 2018)
- Overweight/obesity among women are becoming concentrated among the poor.
- Obesity distributions among women in Peninsular Malaysia are pro-rich.
- Chinese women had the lowest rates and lowest increase in obesity.
- Obesity distributions among men in Peninsular Malaysia became less pro-poor.
- The distributions in Peninsular Malaysia are more pro-rich compared to East Malaysia.
- Yellow tongue coating is a clinical sign of diabetes in traditional medicine.
- Yellow tongue coating was associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus.
- Yellow tongue coating tended to be associated with the prevalence of prediabetes.
- Obesity and inactivity carry the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
- The risk of inactive individuals for depression is independent of weight status.
- Association between obesity and depression is affected by modifiable risk factors.
- Dioxin levels in human milk tended to decline over time from 1998 to 2015.
- Data from the last 5 years indicated a plateau at minimal levels.
- An increasing trend was found in the mean age of participants in the last 5 years.
- Significantly higher dioxin levels were found in samples from older participants.
- Human exposure to dioxins may be approaching a minimum in recent years in Japan.
- Both biological and social risk factors increase risk of infant death by injuries.
- Both factors also increase risk of infant death by internal (medical) causes.
- For effective prevention, an approach covering families with either risk is needed.
Volume 28, Issue 5 (May 2018)
- Transmission dynamics models simulating hepatitis B prevalence have shortcomings.
- Common models have some disadvantages in accurate data acquisition.
- Age-structure models should be fully considered.
- Age- and time-dependent forces of HBV infection should be fully considered.
- Achieving Japanese guideline fitness level is related with a lower risk of diabetes.
- Achieving the fitness level is better than having temporarily higher levels.
- The recommended fitness levels appear to be reasonable for prevention of diabetes.
- The Great East Japan Earthquake may have affected the growth of young children.
- We compared the change in growth indices between affected and unaffected children.
- Results revealed an increase in BMI towards 42 months in the children in Fukushima.
- Analysis indicates growth disturbances in a subset of children in Fukushima.
- Pediatricians should carefully follow these children with future risk of obesity.
- We conducted a pooled analysis of BMI and pancreatic cancer with >340,000 subjects.
- We found possible association of BMI and pancreatic cancer in an Asian population.
- Obesity was associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer among men.
- J-shaped association of BMI at age 20 with pancreatic cancer was observed among men.
- General adiposity has an osteotropic effect.
- Our findings do not support epicardial fat’s beneficial effects on bone health.
- The observed association between EFT and BMC might suggest a genetic correlation.
- Japanese adults spent much of their day being sedentary (7–8 hours/day).
- Over one-third of the sedentary time was accumulated in prolonged bouts ≥30 min.
- Japanese adults engaged in very low levels of sustained bouts of physical activity.
- The majority (65.2%) of the population did not meet physical activity guidelines.
- Interventions for sedentary and physical activity are needed at the population level.
- Japanese male workers (n=7,804) were followed for a maximum of 23 years.
- Fitness level influenced diabetes incidence over 20 years.
- This relation did not weaken regardless of the length of follow-up period.
Volume 28, Issue 4 (April 2018)
Special Article
Japanese Legacy Cohorts: The Life Span Study Atomic Bomb Survivor Cohort and Survivors’ Offspring
Japanese Legacy Cohorts: The Life Span Study Atomic Bomb Survivor Cohort and Survivors’ Offspring
- The Life Span Study is a unique and large-scale cohort study of the lifetime health outcomes of the atomic bomb survivors.
- The Life Span Stud has confirmed increased risks of malignancies and investigated other late health effects due to atomic bomb radiatio.n
- Survivors exposed to radiation in their mothers’ womb experienced late health effects similar to those of survivors exposed at young ages.
- No increased risks of cancer or noncancer outcomes have been observed to date among the cohort of children conceived after their parents’ exposures to radiation.
- The results of these cohort studies have been used by the Japanese government for the health administration and welfare of the survivors and their children.
- Life Span Study results are the most reliable source of quantifiable risk estimates for radiation exposure and are used around the world.
- Impact of tobacco control measures on smoking inequality has been investigated.
- A previous review found that tobacco taxation reduced smoking inequality by income.
- To reduce smoking inequality, the inverse equity hypothesis may be a key hypothesis.
- All measures may reduce smoking inequality, if they are continued long-term.
- Tackling socioeconomic inequality in smoking may be a key public health target.
- The 1-year prevalence of dizziness in the general population was 20.10%.
- Dizziness was more prevalent in women and in older-age participants.
- Dizziness was related with serum TG level and limited physical performance.
- Dizziness was related with smoking, alcohol, depression, and perception of stress.
- Interventions for dizziness should be approached in a multifactorial manner.
- We investigated the association between alcohol intake and serum lipid profile.
- We examined effect modifications caused by ADH1B and ALDH2 polymorphisms.
- Furthermore, we also examined if the findings for ALDH2 could be replicated.
- Serum LDL cholesterol decreased with increasing alcohol intake.
- ALDH2 modified the association between alcohol intake and serum LDL cholesterol.
- Reduced rank regression was used to extract dietary patterns.
- The first dietary pattern was related to lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
- Dietary pattern 1 was inversely related to blood pressure and blood glucose level.
- Around 5% of employed adults are at risk for developing addiction to the Internet.
- Use of Internet for game playing is related to at-risk internet addiction.
- Employed adults need to be instructed to use the Internet properly.
- Coffee consumption was not associated with lung cancer risk in our study.
- Elevated risk for small cell carcinoma was observed in multivariate models.
- Increased lung cancer risk among heavy smokers suggests residual confounding.
- Further evidence is needed on lung cancer subtypes and detailed tobacco exposure.
- This is the first study to investigate workers using a periodical perimetric test.
- The incidence of perimetric abnormalities was increased among high computer users.
- This association was particularly seen among workers with refractive errors.
Volume 28, Issue 3 (March 2018)
- Binge drinking was associated with a greater likelihood of having newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in adult Koreans, even in those with low average daily consumption.
- Regular consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women, but not in men. This sex difference is consistent with results from previous studies.
- The adverse health consequences of alcohol consumption on cancer and other health outcomes have led to lowering the recommended upper level of alcohol consumption in several western countries. In East Asian populations, high alcohol consumption may be of even greater public health concern because a large proportion of the population is genetically predisposed to slower metabolism of alcohol and its carcinogenic metabolite acetaldehyde.
- The high prevalence of binge drinking and likelihood of adverse health effects of this behavior suggest that public health policies addressing binge drinking are warranted.
- Better community social capital was associated with small depression disparity in men.
- %unemployment and income gap were positively associated with depression inequality.
- Those factors potentially reducing health disparities should be studied further.
- The pattern of alcohol consumption is associated with the presence of IFG and DM.
- Frequency of high-risk drinking is associated with higher risk of IFG/ DM in men.
- Frequency of high-risk drinking is associated with higher risk of IFG in women.
- Frequent non-high-risk drinking is associated with higher risk of DM in men.
- Frequent non-high-risk drinking is associated with lower risk of DM in women.
- We reported the prevalence of birth defects after 12 weeks of gestation.
- Prevalence of all birth defects was 18.9/1000 births.
- Of all birth defect, 9.4% was delivered between 12 and 21 weeks of gestation.
- Of nervous system malformation patients, 39% were delivered <22 weeks of gestation.
- Social gradients in secondhand smoke (SHS) among Japanese non-smokers were found.
- Knowledge of tobacco seemed to reduce SHS at home but not at the workplace/school.
- Proportionate universalism approach is needed to reduce social inequalities in SHS.
- We examined the association of alcohol consumption with mortality risk.
- J-shaped associations were found between alcohol intake and total mortality.
- Mortality risk linearly increases in current drinkers as they drink more.
- Liver holidays was associated with a lower risk of cancer/cerebrovascular mortality.
- Necessity of drinking in moderation coupled with liver holidays are highlighted.
- We assessed validity and reliability of domain-specific sedentary behavior scale.
- This scale shows acceptable validity and reliability.
- It can estimate what purpose Japanese adults spend their sedentary time.
- Cervical cancer screening in Japan is dangerously low among women most at risk.
- Effects of interventions with 20-year-old girls not yet screened were studied.
- A modified screening invitation targeting the mother best increased participation.
Volume 28, Supplement 3 (March 2018)
- A nationwide prospective cohort study for cardiovascular diseases was established.
- The study assessed physical measurements, lifestyle, diet, and socioeconomic factors.
- Outcome measures were the incidence of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus. Activities of daily life (ADL) and instrumental ADL were also surveyed as outcomes.
- In adult women, a low education level was related to being overweight or obese.
- In adult women, a low household income was related to being overweight or obese.
- In adult men, a lower education level was inversely associated with obesity.
- Gender and age differences in SESs affect the prevalence of obesity.
- Household income was inversely associated with carbohydrate intake.
- Household income was positively associated with fat intake.
- The risk of a high carbohydrate/low fat intake was associated with an older age.
- Both lower household income and lower household expenditure were associated with the risk of a high carbohydrate/low fat diet.
- Lower expenditure was associated with a higher cereal intake in both sexes.
- Lower expenditure was associated with a lower milk intake in men.
- Lower expenditure was associated with a lower vegetable intake in women.
- Lower education was associated with a higher cereal intake in both sexes.
- Lower education was associated with a lower meat intake in both sexes.
- We investigated associations between SES factors and Na and K intakes in Japan.
- Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan were enrolled.
- Amount of sodium and potassium intake were assessed by casual urine Na/K ratio and estimation of excretion in 24-hour urinary Na and K using casual urine.
- SES factors included economic status, educational attainment, and job category.
- Lower SES was associated with a lower K intake and higher Na/K ratio.
- A high or middle education level was associated with lifestyle improvements.
- Lifestyle improvements were less common among divorced men and women.
- Participants with CVD risk factors practiced lifestyle improvements.
- These associations were independent of other factors.
- Relationships among socioeconomic factors and passive smoking at home were evaluated.
- Employed status and lower education were associated with passive smoking at home.
- Smoke-free policies should target socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
- Relationship between SES and knowledge on CV risk factors was analyzed in NIPPON DATA2010.
- A short education was related to insufficient knowledge on CV risk factors.
- A low equivalent household expenditure was also related to insufficient knowledge.
- Socioeconomic factors are relevant for participation in health examinations.
- Relationships were observed in those aged 65-74 years.
- Participation rates were high for “high educational attainment” and house owners.
- Participation rates were low for “high equivalent household expenditure.”
- Lower educational attainment was associated with poor oral health in Japan.
- Lower equivalent expenditure was associated with poor oral health in Japan.
- Behavioral and biological factors do not fully explain oral health inequalities.
- An association with expenditure was found among elderly, not middle-aged adults.
- High educational attainment was associated with fine SRH in Japanese adults.
- The relationship between martial and living statuses and SRH was inconsistent.
- Working status was not associated with SRH after age adjustments.
- Strong relationships exist among household income, expenditure, and SRH in women.
Volume 28, Issue 2 (February 2018)
Review Article
Critical Points for Interpreting Patients’ Survival Rate Using Cancer Registries: A Literature Review
Critical Points for Interpreting Patients’ Survival Rate Using Cancer Registries: A Literature Review
- Several factors should be considered for interpreting survival rate.
- The quality of registry data should be assessed.
- Estimating method should be chosen after assessing magnitude of the biases.
- Age-adjustment is needed to compare survival among different groups.
- Multiple tumors should be included in survival estimates.
- About 10% of OHCAs due to suffocation were caused by rice cake in Japan
- OHCAs due to rice cake mainly occurred during the first 3 days of the New Year
- Earlier recognition of choking and quicker calls to the EMS improved outcomes
- The survival in cancer of the corpus uteri improved in the early 2000s in Japan.
- Short-term survival improved in other specified adenocarcinoma and carcinosarcoma.
- The spread of concomitant therapy with taxane and platinum might have contributed.
- The prevalence of AF in South Korea increased during 2002–2013.
- The prevalence of AF increased in men aged ≥30 years and in women aged ≥60 years.
- It might be attributable to both the aging society and change of AF comorbidities.
- The rate of warfarin therapy remains low.
- Work continuance rates among cancer survivors were 80.1% one year after RTW, 48.5% five years after RTW, among cancer survivors.
- There was a steep decrease in work continuance rates during the first year after RTW, among cancer survivors.
- The work continuance rates after RTW varied significantly by cancer type.
Short Communication
Intensity of Leisure-Time Exercise and Risk of Depressive Symptoms Among Japanese Workers: A Cohort Study
Intensity of Leisure-Time Exercise and Risk of Depressive Symptoms Among Japanese Workers: A Cohort Study
- We examined the association of physical activity intensity with risk of depression.
- Vigorous but not moderate exercise showed a lower risk of depressive symptoms.
- Vigorous-intensity exercise may help reduce risk of depressive symptoms.
- The Japan Environment and Children’s Study is a nationwide birth cohort study.
- We recruited approximately 100,000 mother-child pairs, and fathers (if accessible).
- The baseline profiles of mothers, children, and fathers were summarized.
- We consider this cohort can be regarded as national representative population.
Volume 28, Issue 1 (January 2018)
- This meta-analysis assessed the genetic risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
- The estimated odds ratio (OR) for T2DM morbidity for +1 risk allele (RA) was 1.16.
- The estimated OR for incident T2DM for +1 RA was 1.10.
- This value was found to be modest, corresponding to 0.58 kg/m2 of body mass index.
- Leptin/adiponectin ratio might be a discriminator between MHO and MUO phenotypes.
- Abnormal adipokines increased hypertension risk in MHO children and adolescents.
- Be cautious with the term “metabolically healthy” in future research.
- Melanoma, BCC, and SCC are associated with different UV exposure profiles in women.
- Melanoma risk was strongly associated with number of sunburns before 25 years.
- BCC risk was more strongly associated with recreational UV exposures.
- SCC risk was mostly associated with total and residential UV exposures.
- Older women with blood type O have an increased susceptibility to GDU.
- GDU incidence was associated with blood type O and H. pylori infection.
- JNHS participants report their blood type with a high degree of accuracy.
- A new device is available for self-monitoring urinary Na/K ratio.
- Our trial comparted urinary Na/K ratio between users of the device and non-users.
- Those who used the device were likely to have larger reduction in urinary Na/K ratio.
- With an education for improving dietary habit, there may be a much larger reduction.
- Among nonsmokers, passive smoking increased CIN1 risk.
- CIN1 risk increases with longer time exposed to passive smoking.
- Interaction between passive smoking and HPV infection on CIN1 risk was absent.
- Antimicrobial catheter use rate was 43% in Acute Cerebral Infarction patients.
- Using antimicrobial catheter was not associated with Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs).
- Antimicrobial catheter reduced UTIs in diabetics who were treated with insulin.
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